Journal of SAGO Gizi dan Kesehatan (Nutrition and Health) is a peer-reviewed journal of a scientific nature contained in the Polytechnic of Health Ministry of Health of Aceh, who publish high quality of nutrition and health-related individuals, populations, groups and communities who are vulnerable to malnutrition and health and risk issues. The scope of the journal study associated issues of nutrition, food technology, nutrition and maternal and child health, environmental health, hygiene and sanitation, oral health, treatment of individuals/families and communities, and safety of medical drugs.
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Formulasi cookies fungsional sumber protein dan serat berbasis tepung labu kuning, mocaf, dan daging ayam untuk lansia: Studi eksperimen kandungan gizi
Background: Older adults often experience declines in physical, biological, psychological, and gastrointestinal functions, increasing the need for quality nutrients, particularly protein and dietary fiber. Pumpkin, modified cassava flour (mocaf), and chicken meat are potential food sources that can meet these needs. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional content and hedonic quality of cookies formulated with pumpkin flour, mocaf, and chicken meat flour as an alternative snack rich in protein and fiber for older adults. Methods: An experimental study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five formulas: F0 (150 g mocaf, 0 g pumpkin flour), F1 (140 g mocaf, 10 g pumpkin flour), F2 (130 g mocaf, 20 g pumpkin flour), F3 (120 g mocaf, 30 g pumpkin flour), and F4 (110 g mocaf, 40 g pumpkin flour). The dependent variables included hedonic quality, preference level, and nutrient content, whereas the independent variable was the proportion of mocaf and pumpkin flour. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney post hoc tests. Results: Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in aroma, taste, and overall preference. Formula F1 was selected as the best formulation, containing 4.5% protein and 7.9% fiber. These values met the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for biscuits, with fiber content qualifying for a “source of dietary fiber” claim, though protein content did not meet the “source of protein” requirement. Conclusion: Cookies with 140 g of mocaf and 10 g of pumpkin flour represent the optimal formulation, meeting SNI standards and showing potential as a functional high-fiber snack for elderly populations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahra Fida Shatila, Nunung Cipta Dainy http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Karakteristik sensori dan kandungan gizi brownies sorgum-kedelai sebagai pangan potensial pendukung pencegahan anemia pada remaja putri
Background: Adolescent girls are vulnerable to anemia, partly because of inadequate protein and iron intake. The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey reported an anemia prevalence of 15.5% among adolescents, with a higher proportion in females (18%) than in males (14%). Sorghum and soybeans are locally available ingredients that can be developed into nutrient-dense food products. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the sensory acceptance and nutrient composition of sorghum brownies substituted with soybean flour as a locally based food product with potential to support anemia prevention. Methods: A completely randomized design was used with three ratios of sorghum, wheat, and soybean flours: F1 (75:35:15 g), F2 (75:20:30 g), and F3 (75:5:45 g). A five-point hedonic test involving 40 semi-trained panelists assessed color, taste, aroma, and texture. The selected formulation was analyzed for moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and iron contents. Results: F1 had the highest mean scores for color (4.4) and aroma (4.3), whereas F2 had the highest scores for taste (4.1) and texture (3.96). F1 was selected based on the aggregate sensory scores. The selected formula contained 2.17% moisture, 1.53% ash, 23.24% fat, 9.72% protein, 43.33% carbohydrate, and 3.1125 mg iron/100 g. Conclusions: F1 showed the most favorable overall sensory profile and contained protein and non-heme iron. Sorghum-soy brownies may be further developed as a locally based food to support nutrient intake; however, their dietary fiber content, shelf life, iron bioavailability, and effectiveness in preventing anemia require further study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufiq Firdaus Al-Ghifari Atmadja, Nur Arifah Qurota A’yunin, Nisatami Husnul http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Perbedaan kecukupan protein dan durasi menstruasi antara remaja putri anemia dan tidak anemia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sukapakir, Bandung
Background: Anemia remains a public health problem among adolescent girls. Inadequate protein intake may impair hemoglobin synthesis and iron transport, whereas prolonged menstruation may increase blood and iron loss. Evidence comparing these factors between anemic and non-anemic adolescent girls remains limited. Objectives: To compare protein adequacy and menstrual duration between anemic and non-anemic adolescent girls in the Sukapakir Health Center working area, Bandung. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in January–February 2025. Sixty-four female students aged 15–19 years were selected using purposive sampling and divided into anemic (n = 32) and non-anemic (n = 32) groups. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level <12 g/dL. Protein intake was assessed using two nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls, and menstrual duration was obtained using a questionnaire. Differences between groups were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test at α = 0.05. Results: Protein adequacy was lower in the anemic group (74.4 ± 29.6%; mean rank 27.88) than in the non-anemic group (87.8 ± 23.9%; mean rank 37.13; p = 0.047; r = 0.248). Menstrual duration was longer in the anemic group (5.97 ± 1.28 days; mean rank 37.09) than in the non-anemic group (5.34 ± 1.06 days; mean rank 27.91; p = 0.040; r = 0.257). Both effect sizes were small. Conclusions: Adolescent girls with anemia had lower protein adequacy and longer menstrual duration than those without anemia. Nutrition education to support adequate protein intake and targeted hemoglobin monitoring may contribute to anemia prevention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shadiqa Bilqisthi Aulia Nurrahman, Ahdiyatul Fauza, Delita Septia Rosdiana, Syifa F. Syihab http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparison of calretinin and S100 as immunohistochemical markers for diagnosing hirschsprung's disease
Background: : Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder caused by the failure of neural crest cell migration, resulting in the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses. Histopathological examination with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining is the gold standard, but its interpretation is often challenging. Immunohistochemical markers such as Calretinin and S100 have been developed to improve diagnostic accuracy. Objective: To compare the diagnostic value of Calretinin and S100 as immunohistochemical markers in establishing the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. Methods: An observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design using 33 samples of patients with Hirschsprung’s disease who underwent biopsies at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, from 2022 to 2025. using McNemar’s exact test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The reference diagnosis was established based on histopathological evaluation of H&E staining in correlation with clinical findings and surgical outcomes, when available. Cases were classified as Hirschsprung’s disease if histological examination demonstrated the absence of ganglion cells, consistent with the clinical presentation of functional intestinal obstruction. Results: H&E + Calretinin examination showed positive results for Hirschsprung's disease in 81.8% of the cases, while H&E + S100 showed positive results in 78.8% of the cases (p = 0.002). The sensitivity and specificity of calretinin were 96.2% (95% CI: 81.0-99.9) and 83.3% (95% CI: 35.9-99.6) with an overall accuracy of 93.9%, whereas those of S100 were 96.1 % (95% CI: 75.7–99.1) and 71.4 % (95% CI: 35.9–99.6), respectively. with an overall accuracy of 90.9%. McNemar’s exact test revealed no statistically significant difference between Calretinin and S100 (p = 1.000) Conclusion: Calretinin has a higher diagnostic value than S100 in detecting Hirschsprung's disease, with better sensitivity and specificity. Although Calretinin showed slightly higher sensitivity, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two markers. Therefore, both markers may serve as reliable adjunct immunohistochemical tools to support the histopathological diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusuf Lubis, Erjan Fikri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluasi kuantitatif penggunaan antipsikotik pada pasien skizofrenia dengan metode ATC/DDD dan DU 90% di RSJ Tampan Provinsi Riau tahun 2023
Background: Schizophrenia is a major cause of disability, and antipsychotics are the main pharmacological treatment. Their use requires evaluation because adverse effects may affect treatment safety and adherence. Antipsychotic utilization among inpatients at RSJ Tampan has not previously been evaluated using the World Health Organization (WHO) ATC/DDD and DU 90% methods. Objectives: This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate antipsychotic utilization among inpatients with schizophrenia using the ATC/DDD and DU 90% methods. Methods: This descriptive observational study used a retrospective review of medical records from January to December 2023. A total of 101 records that met the eligibility criteria were selected through purposive sampling. Antipsychotic utilization was calculated as defined daily doses (DDD) per 100 bed-days. Drugs were ranked by utilization volume, and cumulative percentages were used to identify the DU 90% segment. Results: Total antipsychotic utilization was 123.82 DDD/100 bed-days and was dominated by typical antipsychotics. Five drugs comprised the DU 90% segment: haloperidol (74.58 DDD/100 bed-days; 60.23%), risperidone (14.95; 12.07%), aripiprazole (14.42; 11.65%), fluphenazine (5.36; 4.33%), and trifluoperazine (4.73; 3.82%), with a cumulative proportion of 92.10%. Conclusion: Antipsychotic utilization was concentrated in five drugs, with haloperidol accounting for the largest proportion. These quantitative findings support further evaluation of prescribing appropriateness and treatment safety.
Copyright (c) 2026 Novia Sinata, Defrika Dian Tami, Erniza Pratiwi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Survival analysis of maternal mortality and associated risk factors in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia: A retrospective cohort study
Background: Maternal mortality remains a major public health challenge, reflecting the overall performance of maternal health services. Despite global and national efforts, maternal deaths continue to occur, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the temporal pattern of maternal mortality and its associated risk factors is essential for informing targeted interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the association between maternal risk factors and maternal mortality in North Sumatra Province using a survival analysis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using maternal mortality surveillance data recorded in the Maternal Perinatal Death Notification (MPDN) system from January to December of 2023. Of the 202 recorded maternal deaths, 140 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the survival analysis. Survival time was defined as the duration (days) from hospital admission to death. Kaplan–Meier estimation was used to assess survival probability, and Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to identify independent risk factors. Results: The mean maternal age was 31.66 ± 6.57 years. Most deaths occurred among multiparous women and those who had fewer than six antenatal care visits. The mean survival time following hospital admission was 1.41 ± 0.56 days, which indicates rapid clinical deterioration. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated a steep decline in survival probability within the first 24 hours of admission. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, a history of cesarean section was independently associated with an increased mortality risk (HR 8.66; 95% CI 1.95–41.30). However, the wide confidence interval suggests a limited precision. Conclusion: Maternal mortality in North Sumatra predominantly occurs during the early phase of hospitalization. A history of cesarean section appears to function as a marker of clinical severity rather than a direct causal determinant. Strengthening early emergency obstetric response and referral systems is essential for reducing preventable maternal deaths.
Copyright (c) 2026 Derissa Khairina Khaidirman, Sarma Nursani Lumbanraja, Iman Helmi Effendi, Hotma Partogi Pasaribu, Khairani Sukatendel, Muhammad Rizki Yaznil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Nutrition-sensitive determinants of feeding program uptake among urban pregnant women: Indonesia Health Survey 2023
Background: Maternal nutrition is a critical determinant of pregnancy outcomes in Indonesia. While most studies emphasize nutrition‑specific interventions, limited evidence exists on how nutrition‑sensitive determinants influence access to supplementary feeding programs among pregnant women. Objectives: This study examined the role of socioeconomic, maternal, service, and environmental factors in shaping PMT uptake among urban pregnant women using nationally representative data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI). Methods: This study used secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI) with an observational analytic cross‑sectional design. The analysis included household data and 26,651 urban pregnant women, with the uptake of the Supplementary Feeding Program as the dependent variable. Associations were tested using chi-square and prevalence ratios, followed by multivariate logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between supplementary feeding uptake and maternal, socioeconomic, and health service factors. However, in the multivariate model, only household economic status (AOR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.30–1.50), receipt of social assistance (AOR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.25–1.45), and pregnancy risk (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15–1.35) were significant predictors. Environmental and service-related factors lost their significance after adjustment. Conclusion: Supplementary feeding uptake among urban pregnant women is primarily influenced by socioeconomic vulnerability and pregnancy risk. These findings provide policy relevance to guide the integration of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive approaches within national stunting reduction strategies and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afifa Putri Gustyani, Rina Kurniasri Kusumaratna http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat siswa serta pelaksanaan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di sekolah dasar Jayapura: Studi metode campuran
Background: The Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) provides a school-based setting for nutrition delivery and reinforcement of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS). Evidence describing students’ PHBS and MBG implementation in Papua remains limited. Objectives: This study described students’ PHBS, identified factors associated with PHBS, and explored supporting and inhibiting factors in MBG implementation. Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods study with a cross-sectional quantitative component was conducted from September to October 2025 at SD Negeri Inpres Kotaraja, Jayapura. All 318 eligible students in grades IV–VI were included. A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge, attitudes, and PHBS. Associations were examined using chi-square tests and crude odds ratios (CORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with three teachers and the principal and analyzed thematically using the Miles and Huberman framework. Results: Overall, 77.0% of students had good PHBS. Attitude was associated with PHBS (p = 0.030; COR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.10–3.34), whereas age, sex, grade level, and knowledge were not associated (p > 0.05). Qualitative findings highlighted perceived program benefits, supervised routines such as handwashing before meals, logistical constraints, parental concerns, and recommendations for improving food distribution and menu acceptance. Conclusion: Most students demonstrated good PHBS, and attitude was the only measured factor associated with PHBS. MBG implementation was perceived as a practical context for reinforcing healthy routines, although operational and family-related barriers need to be addressed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Melkior Tappy, Syaharuddin Nur, Maxsi Irmanto, Ayu Sunarti S., Nurul Fitri Ayu, Suci Fajriani S. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efek diet tinggi lemak terhadap berat testis dan kadar glukosa darah puasa tikus Wistar jantan
Background: Globally, modern lifestyle trends are characterized by increased consumption of high-fat food, which contribute to metabolic disorders. High-fat diets can also cause disorders in the male reproductive system. However, evidence regarding the association between changes in testicular weight and glycemic dysregulation as indicators of metabolic-reproductive disorders in animal studies remains limited. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-fat diet on testicular weight and fasting blood glucose levels inmale Wistar rats. Methods: This study was conducted in June toJuly 2024 at the Basic Dentistry Laboratory, University of Jember using a randomized posttest-only control group design. A total of 14 male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: P1 (normal diet) and group P2 consisting of 2 ml of egg yolk given for 28 days. The rats were provided with drinking water ad libitum. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using an Easy Touch GCU glucometer. After the rats were euthanized and dissected, testicular weight was measured using a digital scale with an accuracy of 0,1 g. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test with a significance value of p < 0.05. Results: Administration of a high-fat diet to male Wistar rats showed lower testicular weight compared with the normal diet group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.315).In contrast , administration of high-fat diet to Wistar rats showed a significant difference in fasting blood glucose levels compared the normal diet group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: A high-fat diet significantly increases fasting blood glucose levels, indicating impaired glucose homeostasis and potentially contributing to changes in testicular weight, which may disrupt reproductive function.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rista Dwi Hermilasari, Septy Handayani, Ellanda Rima Ervyanna http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan pola konsumsi, perilaku merokok, dan risiko gastritis pada mahasiswa: analisis perbandingan jenis kelamin
Background: Gastritis is inflammation of the gastric mucosa associated with irregular eating patterns, consumption of high-risk foods, and smoking behavior. University students are a vulnerable group due to the academic demands and lifestyle factors that influence their dietary habits. Previous research has stated that 56.2% of college students experience gastritis, but gender-based analysis is still limited. Objectives: This study analyzed the relationship between dietary patterns, risky food consumption, and smoking behavior with gastritis incidence among students at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, with sex-based comparisons. Methods: This study employed a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted between September and November 2025. A total of 100 students were selected using purposive sampling methods. Data were collected using online questionnaires covering eating patterns, consumption of high-risk foods, smoking behavior, and history of gastritis. The questionnaire was validated by two experts and pilot-tested on 20 respondents. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test for sex differences and Spearman’s correlation after normality testing with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p<0,005). Results: Most students had irregular eating patterns, with an average of two meals per day. Significant sex differences were found in carbohydrate portion size (p=0,001) and smoking behavior (p<0,001) and smoking behavior (p<0,001). Consumption of spicy foods was significantly associated with the incidence of gastritis (p=0,005). Conclusion: Irregular eating patterns and consumption of spicy food are the main factors associated with gastritis among university students, with notable sex differences. Therefore, nutrition education and gender-sensitive health promotion programs in university settings must be strengthened.
Copyright (c) 2026 Habibah Abidin, Farras Jihan Nabilah, Desti Ambar Wati http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan praktik keamanan pangan pada penjaja jajanan sekolah di Desa Pasir Gombong, Bekasi
Background: Food safety is essential for preventing foodborne diseases, particularly among schoolchildren who frequently consume snacks of uncertain hygienic quality. Evidence of hazardous food additives and microbial contamination in school snacks indicates the need to understand the behavioral factors underlying food safety practices among vendors. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the dominant factors associated with food safety practices among school snack vendors in Pasir Gombong Village, Bekasi, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 school snack vendors selected through accidental sampling in June 2025. Data were collected using structured interviews and validated questionnaires. Knowledge, attitudes, respondent characteristics, and food safety practices were analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Knowledge and attitudes were significantly associated with food safety practices after adjustment for other variables. Vendors with good knowledge had 28.15 times higher odds of implementing good food safety practices than vendors with poor knowledge (OR = 28.15; p = 0.013). Vendors with positive attitudes had 12.86 times higher odds of implementing good practices than those with negative attitudes (OR = 12.86; p = 0.041). Conclusion: Knowledge and attitudes were the dominant factors associated with food safety practices. Food safety education should combine theoretical material with demonstrations, hands-on practice, and simulation to strengthen vendors’ knowledge, attitudes, and practical skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Utami Putri Kinayungan *, Widya Lestari Nurpratama, Nur Fauzia Asmi, Dandi Sanjaya, Deni Alamsah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Formulasi dan uji aktivitas antioksidan krim mata antiaging dari fraksi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa)
Background: The periorbital area is highly sensitive to oxidative stress, which triggers premature skin aging. Dayak onion (Eleutherine bulbosa) contains secondary metabolites that are potential natural antioxidants for protecting the periorbital area. Objectives: This study aimed to formulate an anti-aging eye cream using the ethanol extract fraction of Dayak onion with the highest antioxidant activity. Methods: A laboratory-based experimental design was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity and formulate it into an eye cream. The study was conducted from August to November 2024. Phytochemical screening was performed on powdered samples, ethanol extracts, and water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions. GC-MS analysis was performed on the water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions of the samples. The physical quality of the eye cream was evaluated, including its organoleptic properties, homogeneity, emulsion type, pH value, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. Data analysis included IC50 calculation and One-Way ANOVA testing. Results: The samples contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. GC-MS analysis identified 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, and hexadecanoic acid, whereas coumarin was found in the water and ethyl acetate fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 25,12 ± 5,14 ppm. The Dayak onion eye cream met the requirements for homogeneity, viscosity, and adhesion, but its spreadability and pH values exceeded the standards. The eye cream demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 99,43 ± 12,39 ppm. Conclusion: The anti-aging eye cream possesses strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 99,43 ± 12,39 ppm and fulfills the physical quality criteria for homogeneity, adhesiveness, and viscosity.
Raden Fransiscus Xaverius Premihadi Putra
Copyright (c) 2026 Sandi Mahesa Yudhantara, Odilia Dea Christina, Raden Fransiscus Xaverius Premihadi Putra, Yahya Febrianto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Determinan stunting pada balita usia 6–59 bulan di Kecamatan Trienggadeng, Pidie Jaya, Aceh
Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem in Indonesia. The Trienggadeng District of Pidie Jaya requires locally specific evidence on breastfeeding practices, immunization, colostrum administration, and birth weight to support targeted prevention. Objectives: To identify factors associated with stunting among children aged 6–59 months in Trienggadeng District, Pidie Jaya, Aceh. Methods: A case-control study was conducted from May to August 2022 in 17 villages selected using cluster sampling. The study included 214 children (107 cases and 107 controls). Data were collected through anthropometric screening and interviews using a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods. Results: Children who were not exclusively breastfed (OR = 16.85; 95% CI: 8.07–35.74), did not receive early initiation of breastfeeding (OR = 8.16; 95% CI: 3.97–17.33), had incomplete immunization (OR = 14.24; 95% CI: 7.08–29.71), did not receive colostrum (OR = 3.27; 95% CI: 1.78–6.03), or had low birth weight (OR = 19.09; 95% CI: 5.64–99.24) had higher odds of stunting (all p = 0.0001). Low birth weight showed the largest crude OR value. Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding, early initiation of breastfeeding, immunization status, colostrum administration, and birth weight were associated with stunting. Prevention should strengthen antenatal care, low birth weight prevention, breastfeeding support, immunization coverage, and early life nutrition services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ramadhaniah, Aryandi Darwis, Ayu Rafiony, Suaebah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The role of mother’s knowledge and feeding rules implementation adherence in association with the nutritional status of toddler in Bandung City
Background: Poor nutrition can have a lasting impact on children's growth throughout the golden era, as evidenced by rising national and international wasting rates. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal knowledge and adherence to feeding rules implementation on the nutritional status of toddlers aged 6–24 months at the working area of Margahayu Raya Health Center. Methods: This quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Margahayu Raya Health Center from December 2024 to April 2025, involving 115 mothers of children aged 6–24 months, selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through structured interviews using the validated Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) and anthropometric measurements using the Weight-for-Height Z-score (WHZ) indicator and assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro program. Following data processing and cleaning, univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using the Chi-Square test (p<0,05) using IBM SPSS Statistic to identify the statistical significance of the relationships between variables Results: According to the findings, 63,5% of mothers were adherent to the feeding guidelines, and 73% of mothers were well aware of them. The results showed that mothers’ knowledge of feeding rules (p= 0,000; OR = 7,822; 95% CI = 3,105 – 19,704) was associated with adherence to feeding rules. The mother’s knowledge of feeding rules (p= 0,003; OR = 5,238; 95% CI = 1,779 – 15,420) and adherence to feeding rules (p=0,004; OR = 5,440; 95% CI = 1,760 – 16,811) were associated with the nutritional status of toddlers aged 6-24 months. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of increasing mothers' understanding of and adherence to feeding rules to improve toddlers’ nutritional outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aliefya Salfi Nayada, Widya Astuti, Hurry Mega Insani, Isti Kumalasari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan status gizi, asupan energi, dan makronutrien dengan siklus menstruasi pada atlet pencak silat remaja: studi potong lintang
Background: Menstrual cycle irregularities are common among female athletes. A previous study reported polymenorrhea in 31.8% and oligomenorrhea in 50.0% of martial arts athletes. Nutritional status and dietary intake may be associated with menstrual cycle regularity. However, studies examining these associations among Indonesian pencak silat athletes remain limited. Objectives: To determine the associations between nutritional status, energy intake, and macronutrient intake with the menstrual cycle among adolescent pencak silat athletes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia, and included 81 respondents recruited using snowball sampling. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI), energy and macronutrient intakes using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and menstrual cycles using a menstrual cycle questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: Nutritional status (p = 0.016), energy intake (p < 0.001), carbohydrate intake (p < 0.001), protein intake (p = 0.002), and fat intake (p = 0.010) were significantly associated with the menstrual cycles. Nutritional status showed the strongest association with irregular menstrual cycles (OR = 6.275; 95% CI: 1.11–35.47). Conclusion: Nutritional status, energy intake, and macronutrient intake were significantly associated with the menstrual cycle in adolescent pencak silat athletes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Majida Putri Rahmasari, Cleonara Yanuar Dini http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan literasi gizi, persepsi body image, dan alokasi uang saku dengan frekuensi konsumsi street food pada siswa SMP di Kecamatan Karangpilang
Background: The frequent consumption of street food among adolescents is a cause for concern because many types of street food are high in sugar, salt, and fat but low in essential nutrients. Nutritional literacy, body image perceptions, and pocket money allocation are thought to influence this behavior, although the findings of previous studies have been inconsistent. Objectives: To examine the associations between nutrition literacy, body image, pocket money allocation, and street food consumption frequency among junior high school students in Karangpilang District. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at two junior high schools in the Karangpilang District of Surabaya from January to May 2026. A total of 173 students were selected using proportional random sampling method. Data were collected using the Short Food Literacy Questionnaire, Figure Rating Scale, and Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests at P < 0.05. Results: Most participants had above-average nutritional literacy, negative body image, and above-average pocket money allocation. Pocket money allocation was significantly associated with street food consumption frequency (p = 0.012), whereas nutritional literacy (p = 0.400) and body image (p = 0.428) were not. Conclusion: Pocket money allocation was associated with street food consumption frequency, but nutrition literacy and body image were not. Managing adolescents’ pocket money and improving the school food environment may help reduce the frequency of street food consumption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sekar Arum Kinasih, ⁠Emyr Reisha Isaura http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Enteral nutrition, gut microbiota alterations, and SIBO-related outcomes in critically ill patients: a systematic review
Background: Critically ill patients frequently develop gut dysbiosis, characterized by reduced microbial diversity and increased colonization by opportunistic pathogens. These alterations may contribute to gastrointestinal dysfunction and are associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)-related outcomes. Enteral nutrition is a key nutritional strategy for critically ill patients and may influence gut microbiota composition; however, its role in modulating the microbiota and its implications for SIBO-related outcomes remain unclear. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the relationship between enteral nutrition and gut microbiota modulation in critically ill adults and explore its potential implications for SIBO-related gastrointestinal outcomes. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD420261384432). Literature searches were performed in PubMed and Google Scholar for studies published between 2020 and 2026. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials involving critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition, with outcomes related to the gut microbiota, gastrointestinal function, or SIBO were included. Data were extracted and synthesized narratively and thematically. Results: Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Evidence from studies directly assessing microbiota has demonstrated reduced microbial diversity and increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens during critical illness. Studies evaluating fiber- or prebiotic-containing enteral formulas suggested potential increases in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, although the findings remained inconsistent and were influenced by antibiotic exposure and clinical severity. Only one of the included studies directly evaluated SIBO. Conclusion: Enteral nutrition may influence the gut microbiota composition in critically ill patients; however, direct evidence regarding SIBO remains limited. Further prospective studies using standardized microbiota and SIBO assessment methods are needed before the clinical implications for nutritional practice can be more clearly established.
Copyright (c) 2026 Evangelista Maria Pangkahila, I Wayan Gede Sutadarma, I Wayan Weta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan citra tubuh dan status gizi dengan kejadian kekurangan energi kronik (KEK) pada remaja perempuan di Kabupaten Pati
Background: Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among adolescent girls remains a crucial nutritional problem in Indonesia. The 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) reported that the prevalence of CED among adolescents ages 10–14 was 71.7% whilst among those ages 15–19 it was 41.9%. Pati Regency as one of the districts in Central Java has been recorded to have a high prevalence rate of CED among adolescent girls reaching 40%. Chronic Energy Deficiency in adolescent girls may be influenced by internal factors from psychological aspects namely body image and from nutritional aspects namely nutritional status. These factors may interact with one another thereby increasing the potential for the occurrence of CED among adolescent girls. If CED in adolescence is not treated promptly, it will increase the risk of developing CED during pregnancy as well thereby leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, miscarriage, congenital abnormalities, stillbirth, and even neonatal death. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between body image and nutritional status with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among adolescent girls in Pati Regency. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional research design. The sampling technique utilized a combination of purposive sampling and cluster random sampling with a total of 130 female students as respondents. Body image was assessed using the instrument of Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16B), nutritional status was measured using the Body Mass Index-for-Age (BMI/A) index, and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) was measured using a MUAC tape. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney, and Binary Logistic Regression. Results: The majority of adolescent girls were classified as non-Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) accounting for 106 respondents (81.5%). Most adolescent girls had a positive body image comprising 73 respondents (56.2%). Nutritional status among adolescent girls was predominantly good with 103 respondents (79.2%). The results of the bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between body image and CED, as well as a significant relationship between nutritional status and CED (p <0.05). The multivariate analysis examining the relationship between body image and nutritional status with CED yielded a Nagelkerke R Square value of 0.129 where body image acts as a risk factor of CED with an OR value of 5.373 (95% CI: 1.647-17.526), Conclusion: The determinants of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among adolescent girls are multifactorial, encompassing internal factors from psychological aspects namely body image and from nutritional aspects namely nutritional status.
Copyright (c) 2026 Christantya Vita Rena Nugroho, Sri Mulyani, Lilik Wijayanti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Status gizi ibu saat hamil, kunjungan posyandu, dan pola pemberian ASI sebagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita
Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem among children under five years of age and is associated with maternal factors, health service utilization, and early feeding practices. Objectives: This study examined the associations of maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, Posyandu visits, and breastfeeding patterns with stunting among children aged 6–59 months in the working area of the Cilengkrang Community Health Center, Bandung Regency. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 71 mother–child dyads selected using purposive sampling. The data included maternal BMI during pregnancy, Posyandu visits, breastfeeding patterns, and stunting status based on length-for-age and height-for-age indices. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Stunting was identified in 66.2% of children. Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy was associated with stunting in the bivariate analysis (p = .024). In the final model, fewer than eight Posyandu visits (OR = 20.039, 95% CI [2.860, 140.369], p = .003) and nonexclusive breastfeeding (OR = 40.170, 95% CI [8.232, 196.200], p < .001) were associated with a higher odds of stunting. Breastfeeding patterns were the dominant factors. Conclusion: Nonexclusive breastfeeding and irregular attendance at Posyandu were strongly associated with stunting. Stunting prevention efforts should strengthen exclusive breastfeeding counseling, routine growth monitoring, and maternal nutritional monitoring during pregnancy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tika Lubis, Sri Lestari Kartiwati, Dyah Ayu Fitriani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efektivitas suplementasi probiotik terhadap mikrobiota usus dan parameter metabolik pada dewasa dengan kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas: Tinjauan sistematis uji acak terkontrol
Background: Obesity is a global public health problem whose prevalence continues to rise and is associated with various metabolic complications. Obesity is closely linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by reduced microbial diversity, increased intestinal permeability, and low-grade chronic inflammation. Probiotics are considered to have potential as a complementary therapy because they can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota and improve metabolic health. However, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effectiveness of probiotics still shows varying results due to differences in strains, doses, duration of intervention, and characteristics of the study subjects. Objectives: This review aimed to analyze the effects of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota composition, markers of inflammation or intestinal permeability, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese adults based on randomized controlled trials. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until April 2026. The included studies were randomized controlled trials involving overweight or obese adults who received probiotic supplementation compared to a placebo or control group. Study selection was performed independently by two reviewers. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool, and the data were synthesized narratively. Results: Of the 10 included studies, eight reported improvements in gut microbiota composition or diversity, six showed reductions in LPS or inflammatory markers, and nine reported improvements in at least one anthropometric or metabolic parameter (body weight, BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat, and lipid profile). However, the effects of probiotics were not consistent across all studies and were strongly influenced by the strain, dose, duration, and population characteristics. Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation has potential benefits for improving gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity-related metabolic parameters. However, further large-scale studies with longer intervention durations are required to confirm the long-term efficacy and identify the most effective probiotic strains.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sarah Al'Zazilla, A'immatul Fauziyah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan status gizi pada pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi di Rumah Sakit Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang
Background: Chemotherapy is commonly used to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. However, its side effects may reduce nutrient intake, increase the risk of malnutrition, and adversely affect the patients’ quality of life, treatment response, and therapeutic outcomes. Evidence regarding factors associated with the risk of malnutrition among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Indonesia, particularly in Palembang, is limited. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the risk of malnutrition among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Methods: This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design and involved 110 respondents recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the SNAQ (appetite), DASS-42 (stress level), B-IPQ (illness perception), SQ-FFQ for food intake during the previous month, PG-SGA for malnutrition risk, and body mass index (BMI) measurements for assessing nutritional status. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.005. Results: Of the 110 respondents, 78 (70.9%) were at risk of malnutrition and 32 (29.1%) were not. Among the variables examined, cancer stage and appetite were significantly associated with the risk of malnutrition (p = 0.013 and p = 0.001, respectively). The proportion of respondents at risk of malnutrition was higher among those with advanced-stage cancer (78.4%) than among those with early stage cancer (55.6%). Patients with early stage cancer had lower odds of malnutrition than those with advanced-stage cancer (OR 0.345; 95% CI 0.146–0.814). Conclusion: Cancer stage and appetite are significantly associated with the risk of malnutrition. Nutritional screening and interventions should prioritize appetite management, particularly in patients with advanced-stage cancer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Windi Indah Fajar Ningsih, Sari Bema Ramdika, Fatria Harwanto, Chessy Sripratiwi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan intensitas penggunaan TikTok dan kebiasaan makan dengan status overweight pada remaja di SMP Batik Surakarta
Background: Adolescents are vulnerable to nutritional problems, including overweight, which may be influenced by eating habits and social media use. TikTok is widely used among adolescents and may influence eating behavior through exposure to food-related content. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the associations of TikTok use with eating habits and overweight status, as well as the association between eating habits and overweight status, among adolescents at Batik Junior High School, Surakarta. Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted at Batik Junior High School, Surakarta, from April 29 to 30, 2026. The study involved 111 respondents selected using simple random sampling. TikTok use was measured using the Social Media Use Integration Scale (SMUIS), eating habits were assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and nutritional status was determined based on BMI-for-age. The chi-square test was used to examine associations between variables, and Fisher's exact test was used when the assumptions of the chi-square test were not met, with a significance level of 5% (α = 0.05). Results: Most respondents had high TikTok use (62.2%), poor eating habits (67.6%), and normal nutritional status (55.9%). The proportion of poor eating habits was higher in the high-use group (76.8%) than in the moderate-use group (52.4%). Overweight status was more prevalent among respondents with poor eating habits (65.3%) than among those with good eating habits (0.0%). Based on TikTok use, overweight was identified in 43.5% of respondents with high use and 45.2% of those with moderate use. Significant associations were found between TikTok use and eating habits (p = 0.014) and between eating habits and overweight status (p < 0.001). However, TikTok use was not significantly associated with overweight status (p = 1.000). Conclusion: High TikTok use was associated with poor eating habits but was not directly associated with overweight status. Eating habits showed a stronger association with overweight status among adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alyra Ayu Kinanti, Muwakhidah, Firmansyah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Penggunaan hidrokolloid untuk melindungi area periwound pada ulkus diabetikum di Klinik Alhuda Wound Care
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health problem. Diabetic ulcers can impair skin and tissue integrity and increase the risk of infection and amputation. Hydrocolloid dressings maintain a moist wound environment and may protect the periwound skin from exudate. Objective: To describe the use of hydrocolloid dressing for periwound protection in two patients with diabetic ulcers. Methods: This descriptive case study involved two purposively selected patients with diabetic ulcers at the Alhuda Wound Care Clinic, Lhokseumawe, from March 17 to 25, 2025. Wounds were assessed using the Winner Scale and hydrocolloid application procedure. The intervention was provided during three sessions over one week as part of the moist wound care. Results: Neither patient developed periwound maceration, and the wound edges improved during the observation period. The Winner Scale scores decreased from 25 to 13 (48%) in patient D and from 26 to 16 (38.5%) in patient A. The manuscript estimated that wound healing would require approximately seven weeks. Conclusion: In these two cases, wound scores decreased, and no periwound maceration was observed during one week of hydrocolloid use. Because this was a descriptive case study with two patients, the findings do not establish effectiveness or causality of the treatment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alhuda, Liza Phonna, Erna Masdiana, Suriani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Formulasi dan evaluasi sensoris serta kandungan elektrolit minuman isotonik berbasis air kelapa nam hom dan nanas varietas queen
Background: Coconut water and pineapple are local food commodities from South Sumatra with the potential to be developed into isotonic beverages owing to their electrolyte and carbohydrate contents. However, studies on their optimal formulations remain limited. Objectives: This study aimed to develop an isotonic beverage based on Pandan Wangi coconut water (Nam Hom Coconut) and Prabumulih Queen variety pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) that meets the BPOM 2018 standards. Methods: This experimental study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments F1 (25%:75%), F2 (50%:50%), and F3 (75%:25%). The research was conducted in November 2025 at Sriwijaya University and SIG Laboratory. Organoleptic evaluation was performed by 40 panelists, while sodium and potassium contents were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Organoleptic data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests, whereas electrolyte data were descriptively analyzed. Results: All formulations complied with the BPOM (2018) isotonic drink standards, with potassium levels <200 mg/L and sodium levels >230 mg/L. The panelists liked the aroma (F1 and F2) and taste (F1) but expressed a dislike for the color of all the formulas. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in color (p=0.525) and taste (p=0.127); however, a significant difference was observed in aroma (p=0.000). Based on the Exponential Comparison Method (ECM/MPE), F1 was determined to be the best formula. Conclusion: F1 (25% coconut water:75% pineapple juice) demonstrated the best sensory quality while meeting BPOM electrolyte standards, indicating its potential as a locally sourced functional isotonic beverage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Intan Nurlailly Makriffat, Windi Indah Fajar Ningsih, Fatmalina Febry, Dwi Inda Sari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hubungan budaya lokal dan tenaga kesehatan dengan keragaman konsumsi pangan balita di Kota Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia
Background: Poor dietary diversity among young children is a major contributing factor to stunting. Children's feeding practices are influenced by local cultural practices and health workers. Objective: To determine the relationship between local culture and the role of health workers in promoting dietary diversity among children under five years of age in Lhokseumawe City. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 385 children under five years of age in Lhokseumawe City and was conducted from February to March 2026. Participants were selected using a non-proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire to assess the local culture, cultural values, and the role of health workers. A 24-hour dietary recall was used to evaluate the dietary diversity of the children. The research instruments were tested for validity and reliability and deemed suitable for use. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test with a 95% confidence level. Results: Most children achieved adequate dietary diversity (73.8%), were characterized by less supportive local cultural practices (52.7%), and had good involvement of health workers (62.1%). Significant associations were found between local culture (p = 0.001; OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.41–3.66) and the role of health workers (p = 0.001; OR = 3.78; 95% CI: 2.35–6.08) and children's dietary diversity. Children living in environments with less supportive local cultural practices were 2.2 times more likely to have low dietary diversity, while those who did not receive adequate support from health workers were 3.7 times more likely to have low dietary diversity. Conclusion: Local culture and health workers’ roles are significantly associated with dietary diversity in children under five. Strengthening nutrition education and counseling that are culturally sensitive may contribute to improving children's feeding practices and dietary diversity
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulfan Zulfan, Rizki Maulidya, Amelia Zahara, Sri Andala http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pengaruh pelatihan sanitasi dan higiene terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap, serta gambaran tindakan penjamah makanan
Background: Food handlers play an essential role in ensuring food safety. However, evidence on the impact of sanitation and hygiene training on knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Indonesia remains limited. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of sanitation and hygiene training on food handlers’ knowledge and attitudes and to describe their practices after the intervention. Methods: This quasi-experimental study used a nonequivalent control group design and was conducted from March to August 2025 at two catering companies in Bandung, Indonesia. Thirty food handlers were selected using purposive sampling. Knowledge and attitudes were measured before and after the intervention using a structured questionnaire, and practices were assessed once afterward using a checklist. Within-group changes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and between-group differences in change scores using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: The intervention group showed greater improvements in knowledge and attitudes than the control group did. The median change in knowledge score was 20 (IQR = 27) in the intervention group and 0 (IQR = 4) in the control group (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.65). The corresponding attitude changes were 16 (IQR = 30) and 0 (IQR = 4) (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.65). Good practices were observed in 53.3% of the control and 33.3% of the intervention groups. Conclusion: Sanitation and hygiene training improved knowledge and attitudes. Because the practices were assessed only once, they could not be interpreted as a training effect. Standard operating procedures, supervision, reminders, and refresher training are required to support food safety practices
Copyright (c) 2026 Ghina Salsabila Nafi’ah, Hurry Mega Insani, Ahdiyatul Fauza, Syifa F. Syihab http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Efektivitas diet DASH dan modifikasinya dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada orang dewasa dengan hipertensi: tinjauan sistematis
Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and requires long-term management. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recommended as a non-pharmacological intervention; however, recent evidence regarding its various modifications has not been comprehensively synthesized. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the DASH diet in reducing blood pressure in adults with hypertension based on primary studies published between 2020 and 2025. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature search was conducted from June 11 to 14, 2026, using MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. English-language randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were independently selected by two reviewers for inclusion. The Risk of Bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Data were extracted and narratively synthesized owing to study heterogeneity. The review protocol was not registered prior to the study. Results: Eight studies, including five randomized controlled trials and three quasi-experimental studies, were included. Seven studies reported significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure following the DASH diet intervention, whereas one study found no significant difference compared with the control group. Greater blood pressure reductions tended to occur in interventions that combined the DASH diet with sodium restriction, time-restricted eating, or modification of specific dietary components. Conclusion: The DASH diet has the potential to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults with hypertension. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the heterogeneity in study design, population characteristics, intervention approaches, and methodological quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arum Laksmita Dewi, Erna Kusuma Wati, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Perubahan pengetahuan gizi, beban glikemik diet, dan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu pada siswa SMA setelah edukasi gizi multikomponen berbantuan booklet
Background: Dietary patterns characterized by frequent consumption of foods with a high glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are potential contributors to dysglycemia among adolescents. Objective: To analyze changes in nutritional knowledge, dietary GL, and RBG levels after multicomponent booklet-supported nutritional education. Methods: This pre-experimental study employed a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 25 students with elevated RBG levels (>144 mg/dL). Participants received multicomponent booklet-supported nutrition education for four weeks prior to the study. Nutritional knowledge was assessed using a questionnaire, dietary GL using a 24-hour food recall, RBG using an EasyTouch glucometer on fingertip capillary blood, and dietary GI using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The largest nutritional status category was underweight (48%), and none of the participants reported a family history of DM. The glycemic load (BG) of the diet decreased by 30.92 points, from an average of 120.50 to 89.58 (p=0.005), with the median decreasing from 102.40 (IQR 83.80) to 71.00 (IQR 55.90). Blood glucose levels decreased by 52.64 mg/dL, from an average of 168.68 to 116.04 mg/dL (p<0.001), with a median decrease from 157.00 mg/dL (IQR 34.00) to 111.00 mg/dL (IQR = 23.00). Nutritional knowledge improved but did not show a statistically significant change (p=0.691). Conclusion: After the four-week multicomponent booklet-supported nutrition education program, dietary GL and RBG decreased, whereas the change in nutrition knowledge was not significant.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naella Hoirotul Rohmah, Annasari Mustafa, Etik Sulistyowati, Sutomo Rum Teguh Kaswari http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0